The Use of Virtual Reality (VR) and the Contribution of NESPLORA in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized
by a persistent and marked pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with social, academic, or
occupational functioning. ADHD is one of the most common neuropsychiatric conditions in childhood but can persist into
adulthood. ADHD diagnosis is multidimensional and currently relies on clinical criteria, interviews, behavioral questionnaires, neuropsychological tests, and subjective rating scales. However, these tools may present several limitations related to the
subjectivity of evaluations and the low ecological validity of the contexts in which they are administered. The integration
of ecologically valid assessment tools, such as those based on Virtual Reality (VR), represents a promising methodological
innovation, offering new clinical perspectives by improving the ecological validity and diagnostic sensitivity of traditional
instruments.