Virtual reality-based executive functioning test review: The Nesplora Ice Cream test

Abstract

The Nesplora Ice Cream is a virtual reality-based test that measures executive functioning (planning, working memory, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility) for people 8 years and up to 80 years old. The measure uses a virtual reality headset to create an ice cream parlor. The examinee is tasked with receiving and fulfilling ice cream orders, which must be structured and organized in the examinee’s working memory (with increasingly difficult rules and guidelines to follow). The headset captures the examinee’s movements, and they are able to see the ice cream they serve as well as a recipe book, telephone, and other surroundings, providing ecological validity. The current article explores a brief history of executive functioning testing, the Nesplora Ice Cream (created by Gema Climent Martinez and Javier Tirapu), its underlying theoretical framework, and its structure. The advantages are discussed, including its ecological validity and drawbacks, such as the technology required and the regional normative sample. We also discuss the creativity and engagement of the test, which requires a significant amount of time to administer. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)