The emerging role of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders known to severely affect social and cognitive functions. ASD can be diagnosed at a very early age, and is often characterized by social communication impairments, repetitive behaviors and severely restricted interests. On the other hand, ADHD is predominantly characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and, in some cases, hyperactivity. Research over the past few years has shown that the majority of individuals with ASD frequently present with comorbid ADHD. Current treatment modalities for these disorders can include behavioral therapy, pharmacological medications and supportive interventions. However, these treatment strategies are not always effective and may fail in offering significant improvements in the quality of life and functioning of affected individuals. Recently, the development of artificial intelligence (AI) has shown great potential in extending the current clinical boundaries in ASD and ADHD by aiding physicians in the detection and treatment of these disorders. A better understanding of this technology and its applications in neurodevelopmental disorders could pave the way for the development of novel and more effective diagnostic and therapeutic methods. This review paper provides the current state of knowledge regarding the link between ASD and ADHD and provide a comprehensive overview of the growing role of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.